Kuɗin Dijital na Babban Bankin Ƙasa: Cikakken Bincike da Bita

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

• 1.1 Gabatarwa
• 1.2 Rarrabuwar Kayan Aikin Tsarin CBDC
• 1.3 Kwatancen Bita
• 1.4 Aiwatar da Fasaha
• 1.5 Sakamakon Gwaji
• 1.6 Ayyuka na Gaba
• 1.7 Bita na Asali
• 1.8 Nassoshi

1.1 Gabatarwa

Kuɗin Dijital na Babban Bankin Ƙasa (CBDCs) suna wakiltar wani ci gaba mai canzawa a fannin kuɗi, suna fitowa a matsayin martani ga rikicin kuɗi na 2008 da hawan kuɗin dijital na masu zaman kansu kamar Bitcoin. A cewar Bankin don Haɗin Kai na Duniya (BIS), an ayyana CBDC a matsayin "wani sabon nau'i na kuɗin dijital, wanda aka ƙidaya cikin raka'a na kuɗin ƙasa kuma babban bankin ƙasa ya bayar da shi kai tsaye." Wannan binciken yana nazarin takardun bincike 135 da aka buga tsakanin 2018-2025 don ba da cikakkun bayanai game da tsarin ƙira da tsare-tsaren aiwatarwa na tsarin CBDC.

1.2 Rarrabuwar Kayan Aikin Tsarin CBDC

Tsarin Dala na Ƙira na CBDC yana tsara mahimman abubuwan gini zuwa sassan matsayi. Rarrabuwar ta haɗa da:

• Samfuran Gini: Tsare-tsaren bene biyu da na bene ɗaya
• Fasahar Ledger: Aiwatar da Fasahar Rarraba Ledger (DLT)
• Samfuran Samun Shiga: Hanyoyin tushen alama da na asusu
• Hanyoyin Yamar Gama Gari: Tabbacin Aiki, Tabbacin Rikodi, da samfuran gauraye

1.2.1 Zaɓin Hanyar Yamar Gama Gari

Zaɓin hanyoyin yamar gama gari yana bin hanyar ingantawa ta lissafi. Ma'aunin aiki don yarjejeniya ana iya bayyana shi kamar haka:

$P_c = \frac{T_{throughput}}{L_{latency}} \times S_{security} \times E_{energy}$

Inda $T_{throughput}$ ke wakiltar kwararar ma'amala, $L_{latency}$ yana nuna jinkirin hanyar sadarwa, $S_{security}$ yana ƙididdige matakin tsaro, kuma $E_{energy}$ yana auna ingancin makamashi.

1.3 Kwatancen Bita

Binciken ya gudanar da cikakken kwatancen bita a fannoni huɗu: tsarin gini, fasahar ledger, samfurin samun shiga, da yankin aikace-aikace. Manyan binciken sun bayyana:

• Mafi Yawan Sanya Kayansa: Ginin bene biyu (78%), DLT (85%), samun shiga na tushen alama (67%)
• Yankunan Aikace-aikace: Babu wata fitacciyar alama da ta fito, tare da bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin aiwatarwa
• Mayar da Hankali Kan Ketare Iyakoki: Binciken kwanan nan ya nuna ƙarin kashi 45% a aikace-aikacen biyan kuɗi na ketare iyakoki

1.4 Aiwatar da Fasaha

1.4.1 Haɗakar Jakar Kuɗin Dijital

Aiwatar da jakar kuɗin dijital na buƙatar sarrafa maɓalli mai aminci da tabbatar da ma'amala. A ƙasa akwai sauƙaƙaƙen lambar ƙarya don sarrafa ma'amalar CBDC:

class CBDCTransaction:
    def __init__(self, sender, receiver, amount):
        self.sender = sender
        self.receiver = receiver
        self.amount = amount
        self.timestamp = time.now()
        self.transaction_id = self.generate_hash()
    
    def validate_transaction(self):
        # Duba ma'aunin maɗaukaki
        if self.sender.balance >= self.amount:
            # Tabbaci sa hannun dijital
            if verify_signature(self.sender.public_key, self.signature):
                return True
        return False
    
    def execute_transaction(self):
        if self.validate_transaction():
            self.sender.balance -= self.amount
            self.receiver.balance += self.amount
            return "Ma'amala Ta Yi Nasara"
        return "Ma'amala Ta Gaza"

1.4.2 Ƙalubalen Biyan Kuɗi Na Kashe Layi

Biyan kuɗin CBDC na kashe layi yana gabatar da manyan ƙalubalen fasaha, gami da hana kashe kuɗi sau biyu da matsalolin daidaitawa. Samfurin tsaro don ma'amalolin kashe layi ana iya wakilta shi kamar haka:

$S_{offline} = \frac{R_{revocation} \times V_{verification}}{T_{timeout} + D_{delay}}$

1.5 Sakamakon Gwaji

Binciken tsare-tsaren CBDC 26 ya bayyana halayen aiki daban-daban a cikin saitunan gini daban-daban:

1.6 Ayyuka na Gaba

Ci gaban CBDCs na gaba yana mai da hankali kan mahimman wurare da yawa:

• Biyan Kuɗi Na Ketare Iyakoki: Ayyukan Ƙirƙira na BIS kamar mBridge suna nuna alƙawari don rage lokacin daidaitawa daga kwanaki zuwa dakiku
• Kuɗin da Ake Shirya Shi
• Haɗa Kuɗi: CBDCs masu iyan aiki kashe layi don mutanen da ba su da iyakataccen intanet
• Haɗin Kai: Haɓaka ma'auni don dacewar tsarin ketare da daidaitawar ƙasa da ƙasa